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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants, the most commonly prescribed treatment for ADHD are believed to regulate brain chemicals and increase their levels. However, they cannot cure the condition and can only aid in managing symptoms so long as they are taken regularly. The side effects of ADHD medication could include an increase in blood pressure and heart rate and stomach upset as well as anxiety and tics. Some children and teens who take stimulant medications experience a slight reduction in their growth. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant and is the most frequently used drug for treating ADHD. It comes in a variety of forms including chewable tablet, a liquid, a long-acting orally disintegrating tablet and an extended-release pill. The drug boosts the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This improves concentration. It may also reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methylphenidate is an effective treatment for ADHD in conjunction with other treatments, like behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate blocks the transporters which remove these neurotransmitters from the brain. The drug can cause a small increase in heart rate and blood pressure. It may also trigger a rapid change in blood sugar levels, and those with diabetes must be careful when taking this medication. If you experience any of these side effects, speak to your doctor. Methylphenidate can also cause the condition known as Raynaud's phenomenon, which causes numbness and discomfort in the fingers and toes. most effective adhd medication for adults is a rare, but serious side result. It is essential to notify your doctor if any of these symptoms develop. Some people are concerned that methylphenidate could slow the growth of children. However this hasn't been proven. If your child is taking methylphenidate, be sure to keep an eye on their weight and height. If your child takes a methylphenidate tablet that contains phenylalanine, it can be dangerous to children with Phenylketonuria. Consult your physician about an alternative methylphenidate formulation if you have PKU. Some people are unable to take stimulants, which are the first choice of medication for treating ADHD. In these instances doctors might prescribe other medications that function in a similar way. In addition to methylphenidate, there are other stimulants, such as dexamfetamine and the lisdexamfetamine. These are more potent than methylphenidate, and they can last longer. The typical dosage is twice or three times daily, but some people might be able take them more frequently. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD however they are less effective than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine, also known by the brand name Strattera, is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that increases concentration and reduces hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It is in a class of medications called selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and is a stimulant of dopamine and norepinephrine, two chemical messengers that regulate the brain's activity. It is a favorite among people of all ages who need an alternative to stimulants such as Adderall or Vyvanse. It is crucial to keep in mind that atomoxetine is not effective instantly and it could take up to 6 weeks for the effects of the drug to be evident. Additionally, you could suffer from side effects like drowsiness, decreased appetite, and stomach upset. However the benefits of atomoxetine outweigh the risks for a majority of patients. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study that was conducted on 297 ADHD patients aged between 12 and 18 years old, the effectiveness of atomoxetine was confirmed. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either atomoxetine in a daily dose of 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo over 9 weeks. In both atomoxetine and placebo groups depression symptoms were reduced. The atomoxetine-treated group had more improvement in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However, the improvement was modest (Michelson and co. 2001). In another open trial, 10 patients with ADHD who were unable to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine over 8 weeks. The atomoxetine treatment group demonstrated improved ADHD symptoms when compared to placebo, with scores on Conners Adult ADHD Scale Investigator Version of the screening and Clinical Global Impression of Severity scales gaining significant. One patient had to withdraw due to a skin rash. Three patients also reported transient stomach symptoms, and one patient reported increased fatigue. Talk to your doctor prior to you begin treatment with atomoxetine about your medical history, including any medications or supplements you're taking. This includes herbal remedies and over-the-counter medications. It is particularly important to tell your doctor if you have narrow-angle glaucoma, a thyroid tumor or adrenal gland tumor, high blood pressure, heart disease, or a history of sudden death. It is also recommended to avoid atomoxetine if you have taken an MAO inhibitor such as isocarboxazid linezolid or methylene blue injection rasagiline, phenelzine or tranylcypromine, in the past 14 days. Bupropion Bupropion is a nonstimulant that can help improve symptoms of ADHD. It also helps to reduce impulsivity and improve concentration, but it doesn't affect the brain in the same way as stimulants. Only prescriptions are accepted. Your doctor will determine the right dosage for you. Bupropion is available in tablets and capsules. It is essential to take the medication as directed. There are withdrawal symptoms that can occur when you stop abruptly. It's typically taken two or three times daily with a gap of 4-6 hours between each dose. The dosage can range from 100mg twice or three times per day up to 150mg four or three times every day. The drug is absorbed in the digestive tract and excreted into urine, which means it cannot be absorbed into breast milk. However, it can enter the bloodstream and impact other organs. Bupropion may increase blood pressure, which is why it's vital to monitor it regularly. In addition to improving the symptoms of ADHD, bupropion can also reduce depression. It is also used to treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking dopamine receptors that are located in your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter, dopamine, from reaching your brain. This helps stabilize your mood. Bupropion may interact with other medications. Tell your doctor if you are taking any other medication. It's important to let your doctor know that you are suffering from any allergies. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants because they can make side effects worse. A number of studies have compared bupropion with placebos in adults suffering from ADHD. These studies had mixed results and were poorly conducted. Many of these studies did not include participants with psychiatric co-morbidity. The research suggests that bupropion does have a modest impact on ADHD. More research is required to determine the positive effects for patients, such as the improvement in their quality of living. Before effective treatments can be created it is crucial to gain a better understanding of the molecular forms of ADHD. This requires a deeper understanding of the relationship between different molecular pathways. It is also crucial to know how anti-ADHD drugs work in combination with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants Antidepressants are often prescribed by doctors if stimulants prescribed for children with ADHD don't work or cause side negative effects. These medications, such as imipramine and Nortriptyline (Aventyl and Pamelor) are able to increase the neurotransmitters dopamine as well as norepinephrine in the brain, which helps people to focus. These are older drugs that can have challenging adverse reactions, and are usually tried only when other drugs have failed. The first choice for depression treatment is typically an inhibitor of serotonin reuptake (SSRI), such as fluoxetine, sertraline, or citalopram. However, tricyclic antidepressants that have been around for a long time, can be used in certain situations. These drugs are effective in treating neuropathic and other pains but their antidepressant action is not the same. They enhance the noradrenephrine receptor through blocking its reuptake. They also function as descending modulators for pain pathways in the spinal cord. SSRIs have lower risks of toxicity, and less serious side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. Additionally, they're safe during pregnancy and don't appear to be teratogenic in humans or animals. However, they may cause severe withdrawal symptoms if stopped suddenly. To reduce the risk of these adverse effects, your physician might suggest reducing the dosage gradually over a period of time. Although it isn't officially recognized by the FDA as an adhd medication bupropion is commonly prescribed antidepressant that is off-label for ADHD. It is believed to work by increasing neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine or dopamine in the brain, which increases concentration. It is also believed to ease anxiety, and it can be combined with stimulants for more rapid and long-lasting results. There are no FDA-approved non-stimulant ADHD medications, but many people have found relief through herbal remedies and dietary supplements. A diet low on sugar and fat may also help reduce ADHD symptoms. Also, avoiding caffeine can be beneficial for certain people. Inform your doctor about all medicines you or your child take as well as herbal remedies and prescription drugs. This will help minimize unwanted side effects and help prevent interactions. ADHD medications can affect everyone differently, which is why it's often a trial and error to find the right drug and dosage for you or your child.